| Resumo : |
Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) is an emerging concept designed to support future Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems, encompassing both conventional air traffic and new types of operations such as Advanced Air Mobility (AAM). In this new concept, air traffic flow management is carried out in an integrated and collaborative manner, using detailed gate-to-gate 4D trajectories. Deploying TBO at scale requires automated tools capable of generating optimal conflict-free trajectories that reflect user preferences and accommodate diverse operational constraints and uncertainties. This thesis introduces a comprehensive framework for collaborative 4D trajectory management in support of TBO and evaluates its contributions towards safe and efficient air traffic operations. The framework integrates a conflict detection module, a 4D trajectory generator that recommends alternative trajectory options to avoid known airspace constraints at the time of planning, and an optimizer for demand-capacity balancing. Key capabilities include incorporating ground delays and rerouting as conflict resolution mechanisms, as well as proactively accounting for operational uncertainties during the planning phase. We demonstrate the framework through a representative AAM use case involving daily urban commuting in the São Paulo metropolitan region. Monte Carlo experiments are performed to simulate trajectory execution under various sources of operational uncertainty, enabling the characterization of performance tradeoffs, particularly in terms of safety and efficiency, across different air traffic flow management service configurations. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework can substantially reduce tactical conflicts and delay costs, even when subjected to high uncertainty levels. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of flexible and robust service design for effective uncertainty mitigation. Ultimately, this thesis contributes to quantifying the value of advanced air traffic flow management services for TBO and AAM, supporting their development and implementation. |